A pathological fracture is a type of bone fracture that occurs due to an underlying medical condition that weakens the bones, making them more susceptible to breaking even under relatively mild stress or normal physical activity. This differs from regular fractures caused by traumatic injuries or major impacts that may break otherwise healthy bones.
Common Causes of Pathological Fractures:
1. Osteoporosis: A condition that weakens bone density, increasing the likelihood of fractures even with minor injuries. This is most common in the elderly, with typical fractures including those of the spine, hip, and wrist.
2. Bone Tumors: These may be primary tumors in the bones (either benign or malignant) or secondary tumors, where cancer cells spread from other parts of the body to the bones, leading to bone degradation and weakness.
3. Genetic Disorders: Such as osteogenesis imperfecta in newborns and children, which makes bones brittle and prone to fractures.
4. Osteomyelitis: Bone infections that can lead to bone erosion and increased fracture risk.
5. Bone Cysts: These occur in children or adolescents, where cysts in the bones can weaken them and make them more likely to fracture.
6. Endocrine Disorders: Conditions like hyperparathyroidism that affect calcium levels in the bones, leading to increased fracture risk.
Symptoms:
• Pain in the affected area
• Swelling and redness around the fracture site
• Deformity or misalignment of the bone
• Difficulty moving or an inability to bear weight on the injured part
Treatment:
Treatment depends on the type of fracture and its underlying cause, and it may include:
• Stabilization: Using splints or braces to stabilize the fractured bone.
• Surgery: May be required to stabilize the fracture with metal plates or screws.
• Treating the underlying cause: For example, managing osteoporosis or tumors to improve bone health and prevent future fractures.
• Rehabilitation and physical therapy: To help restore movement and strength after healing.
Wishing good health and safety to all
Dr. Mahdi Abd Al-Sahib
Orthopedician
