A common disorder that affects red blood cells
Anemia is a condition that occurs when the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood decreases to lower-than-normal levels, leading to a reduced ability of the blood to transport oxygen to tissues. Anemia can range from mild to severe, with different causes and types, but it generally results in feelings of fatigue and a decline in both physical and mental performance.
Warning!
Severe or chronic anemia can lead to serious health issues, especially if not treated properly. Chronic oxygen deficiency can affect heart and lung functions and may result in complications that require urgent medical intervention.
What are the types of anemia?
Iron Deficiency Anemia:
This type occurs when there is a deficiency of iron, which is essential for hemoglobin production. It is the most common form of anemia, often resulting from poor nutrition or chronic blood loss.
Vitamin Deficiency Anemia:
A lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid can lead to anemia, as these vitamins are necessary for the production of red blood cells. This type is commonly linked to nutritional deficiencies or problems with nutrient absorption.
Chronic Anemia:
This can be caused by chronic diseases such as kidney failure, rheumatic diseases, and cancer, where long-term inflammation affects the production of red blood cells.
Sickle Cell Anemia:
This is a hereditary disorder that causes the production of abnormal, unstable red blood cells, leading to blood vessel blockages and pain.
Signs of Anemia:
Some symptoms of anemia may be mild and unnoticed, but as the condition progresses, more obvious symptoms may appear, including:
- Persistent fatigue and exhaustion
- Pale skin
- Shortness of breath, especially with exertion
- Rapid heartbeat
- Headaches and dizziness
- Cold extremities
Complications of Anemia:
Heart Strain:
Anemia can cause disruptions in heart function, increasing the strain on the heart to pump more blood to supply oxygen to the body, which could lead to heart failure in severe cases.
Delayed Physical and Mental Growth (in children):
Lack of essential iron and vitamins for growth can negatively affect children’s physical and mental development.
Weakened Immune System:
Anemia can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
Pregnancy Complications:
Anemia in pregnant women can lead to serious complications, such as premature birth or low birth weight.
Imam al-Hujjah Hospital offers a range of lab tests to diagnose anemia, including a complete blood count, iron levels, vitamin B12, and folic acid tests. Consultations with internal medicine specialists are available every morning and evening, with free check-ups every Tuesday throughout the year to assist patients in managing anemia and addressing its underlying causes.
Dr. Amir Hamed
Internist
